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Time has historically been closely related to space, the two merging together into space-time in Einstein’s special relativity and general relativity. According to these theories, the concept of time depends on the spatial reference frame of the observer, and human perception as well as the measurement by instruments such as clocks are different for observers in relative motion.
Source: einstein.biz, Image: Wikipedia
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Einstein’s theory of relativity suggests that before the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago, space and time did not exist and matter was packed together in a tiny ball. Since time is measured by motion in space, there was no time without a moving cosmos.
Source: einstein.biz, Image: youtube.com
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Stephen Hawking has addressed a connection between time and the Big Bang too. In A Brief History of Time and elsewhere, Hawking says that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there was another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing that happened then would have any effect on the present time frame. On occasion, Hawking has stated that time actually began with the Big Bang, and that questions about what happened before the Big Bang are meaningless.
Source: A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking, Image: commons.wikimedia.org
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Cultural background affects our perception of time. Psychologist Robert Levine noted in his travels how people from the Middle East appeared to construe time differently from Westerners. Americans and Europeans think of time in five-minute intervals usually, while the Middle Eastern equivalent is the fifteen-minute interval. What this means in the real world, is that Westerners who wait on a friend for five minutes (one interval) and Middle Easterners who wait fifteen minutes (one interval) are actually waiting the same amount of time!
Source: exactlywhatistime.com, Image: commons.wikimedia.org
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Because light takes time to reach us, the light we see is in the past. The sunlight you can see out the window is eight minutes and twenty seconds old. The light from our nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is four years old.
Source: A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking, Image: pixabay.com
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